Sheet processing apparatus and sheet processing method

ABSTRACT

A sheet processing apparatus includes a puncher disposed to make a hole in a sheet to be conveyed,
         a moving mechanism configured to move the puncher in the orthogonal direction to a conveyance path of the sheet, a sensor to detect a forward edge and a rear edge of the sheet conveyed into the puncher, and a controller configured to control the conveyance of the sheet and an operation of the puncher. The controller decelerates the sheet from a first conveying speed to a second conveying speed after the sensor detects the forward edge of the sheet, and stops the conveying of the sheet after the sensor detects the rear edge of the sheet, and executes a punching to the sheet.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 12/872,329filed on Aug. 31, 2010, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No.12/044,074 filed on Mar. 7, 2008, the entire contents of both of whichare incorporated herein by reference.

This application is based upon and claims the priority of U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/943,596, filed on Jun. 13, 2007, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/944,935, filed on Jun. 19, 2007, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/944,936, filed on Jun. 19, 2007, and U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/944,943, filed on Jun. 19, 2007, theentire contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a sheet processing apparatus whichcarried out skew correction and punching processing to a sheetdischarged from an image forming unit of MFP (multi-functionperipheral), which is a digital multi-function machine, a copy machine,a printer or the like.

2. Description of the Related Art

In an image forming apparatus such as MFP, copy machine or printer, apost-processing device (finisher) is provided next to a paper dischargeunit in the image forming apparatus body in order to carry outpost-processing such as punching processing and staple processing to asheet on which an image has been formed.

In such a post-processing apparatus, a sheet discharged from the imageforming apparatus body may become slant (hereinafter referred to skew)with respect to the conveying direction. If punching processing (holepunching) is carried out to the skewed sheet, the hole punching positionis deviated, causing a trouble at the time of filing. Therefore, a skewcorrecting unit is provided to correct the skew of the sheet and thenpunching processing is carried out.

JP-A-2000-153953 discloses a sheet processing apparatus in which apunching unit is movable in a direction that intersects the sheetconveying direction. In this example, the punching unit is moved fromthe home position (HP) into the direction that intersects the sheetconveying direction and carries out punching. During the operation tomove the punching unit to HP after punching is finished, the punchingunit is moved to the standby position.

JP-A-2006-16129 discloses a sheet processing apparatus having a pair ofrollers for skew correction and a hole punching unit. In this example,the pair of roller for skew correction carries a sheet, and plural edgedetection sensors are provided in order to detect the lateral edge ofthe conveyed sheet.

JP-A-10-194557 discloses a sheet hole punching apparatus having adetection unit which detects the lateral edge of a conveyed sheet. Inthis example, a hole punching unit is made movable in a directionorthogonal to the sheet conveying direction, and the moving position ofthe hole punching unit is decided in accordance with the result ofdetection by the detection unit.

JP-A-2005-31877 discloses a control apparatus for a motor used forconveying a sheet or the like. In this example, the apparatus has afirst control system which moves a sheet at a constant speed up to ahalfway position before reaching a target stop position, and a secondcontrol system which moves the sheet at a low speed from the halfwayposition to the target stop position. A motor is rotationally driven intwo stages.

Moreover, JP-A-9-249348 discloses a punching processing apparatus inwhich a punching mechanism is movable in a direction orthogonal to thesheet conveying direction. In this example, prior to punchingprocessing, the punching mechanism is moved to a predetermined standbyposition and caused to wait there. The standby position is presetaccording to the sheet size.

Meanwhile, high-speed processing and power saving are required of therecent image forming apparatus. As the image forming apparatus operatesat a higher speed, the sheet conveying speed becomes higher. Therefore,at the time of punching processing, it is difficult to stop a sheet at aregular position and the position of the punch hole may be deviated.Also, skew correction may take time and measures must be taken to dealwith high-speed processing. Moreover, measures for power saving arenecessary.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An aspect of the invention provides a sheet processing apparatus inwhich skew detection errors for sheets conveyed therein are reduced andpunch holes can be punched at accurate positions.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a sheet processingapparatus includes: a conveying motor for conveying a sheet with animage formed thereon, along a conveying path; a skew detecting unitconfigured to detect a quantity of skew at a forward edge and a rearedge of the sheet conveyed along the conveying path; a hole punchingsection arranged downstream from the skew detecting unit andorthogonally to the conveying path of the sheet and configured toperform punching processing to the conveyed sheet; an attitude controlunit configured to carry out skew correction by changing tilt angle ofthe hole punching section in accordance with the quantity of skewdetected by the skew detecting unit; a first detecting unit configuredto detect the forward edge and the rear edge of the sheet conveyed intothe hole punching section; and a control unit configured to control theconveying motor to control the conveying speed of the sheet, and tocontrol the skew correction and the punching processing to the sheet inaccordance with the conveying of the sheet . During a period from whenthe first detecting unit detects the forward edge of the sheet until thefirst detecting unit detects the rear edge, the control unit deceleratesthe sheet from a first conveying speed to a second conveying speed.After the first detecting unit detects the rear edge of the sheet, thecontrol unit stops the conveying of the sheet and executes the punchingprocessing to the sheet when the conveying is stopped.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a configuration view for explaining the overall structure ofan image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the configuration of a sheet processingapparatus according to the one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a moving mechanism for a hole punchingsection in the sheet processing apparatus according to the oneembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a rotation mechanism for the hole punchingsection in the sheet processing apparatus according to the oneembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a control system of the sheetprocessing apparatus according to the one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D are plan views for explaining a basic operation ofthe sheet processing apparatus according to the one embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the basic operation of the sheetprocessing apparatus according to the one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a timing chart for explaining the basic operation of the sheetprocessing apparatus according to the one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of a conveying motorof the sheet processing apparatus according to the one embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 10 is a timing chart for explaining a control operation of thesheet processing apparatus according to the one embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 11A to FIG. 11D are plan views for explaining the operation of asheet processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the sheetprocessing apparatus according to the second embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are plan views for explaining a modification ofthe sheet processing apparatus according to the second embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are plan views for explaining another modificationof the sheet processing apparatus according to the second embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 15 is a plan view for explaining the operation of skew correctionin a sheet processing apparatus according to a third embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B are explanatory views for explaining a specificoperation of skew correction in the sheet processing apparatus accordingto the third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of skew correctionin the sheet processing apparatus according to the third embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B are graphs for explaining characteristics of skewcorrection in the sheet processing apparatus according to the thirdembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 19 is a plan view showing the configuration of a sheet processingapparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B are plan views for explaining the operation tocalculate the forward edge and rear edge of a sheet in the sheetprocessing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of theinvention.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a control system of the sheetprocessing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Throughout this description, the embodiments and examples shown shouldbe considered as exemplars, rather than limitations on the apparatus ofthe present invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described in detailwith reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same parts andcomponents are denoted by the same reference numerals.

FIG. 1 is a configuration view showing an image forming apparatusincluding a sheet processing apparatus according to an embodiment of theinvention.

In FIG. 1, 10 refers to an image forming apparatus. The image formingapparatus 10 includes a body 11 forming an image forming unit, and asheet processing apparatus 20 connected to the body 11.

In the following description, an MFP (multi-function peripheral), whichis a multi-function machine, is employed as an example of the imageforming apparatus. However, the invention can also be applied to otherimage forming apparatuses such as a printer or copy machine.

A document table (not shown) is provided at the top of the body 11 ofthe image forming apparatus 10. An automatic document feeder (ADF) 12 isprovided on the document table in such a manner that it can freely openand close. Moreover, an operation panel 13 is provided at the top of thebody 11. The operation panel 13 has an operation unit 14 includingvarious keys, and a touch-panel display unit 15.

The operation unit 14 has, for example, ten keys, a reset key, a stopkey, a start key and so on. With the touch-panel display unit 15, theuser can designate sheet size, the number of copy sheets, punchingprocessing and the like.

In the body 11, a scanner unit 16 and a printer unit 17 are provided. Atthe bottom of the body 11, plural cassettes 18 are provided in whichsheets of various sizes are housed. The scanner unit 16 reads a documentfed by the ADF 12 or an original set on the document table.

The printer unit 17 includes a photoconductive drum and a laser. A laserbeam from the laser scans and exposes light to the surface of thephotoconductive drum, and thus forms an electrostatic latent image onthe photoconductive drum. A charger, a developing device, a transferdevice are arranged around the photoconductive drum. The electrostaticlatent image on the photoconductive drum is developed by the developingdevice, and a toner image is formed on the photoconductive drum. Thetoner image is transferred to a sheet by the transfer unit.

The configuration of the printer unit 17 is not limited to the aboveexample and various systems can be employed. The sheet processingapparatus 20 is arranged to the paper discharge side of the body 11. Thesheet processing apparatus 20 is generally called a finisher. In thefollowing description, it is referred to as finisher 20.

A sheet on which an image has been formed by the body 11 (image formingunit) is conveyed to the finisher 20. The finisher 20 carries outpost-processing of the sheet supplied from the body 11, for example,punching processing, sorting processing, staple processing and so on.

The finisher 20 shown in FIG. 1 has a staple mechanism 21 which performsstaple processing to a bundle of sheet, and a punching mechanism 30which performs punching processing to a sheet. The post-processed sheetis discharged to a paper storage tray 27 or a fixed tray 28.

The paper storage tray 27 is movable and receives the bundle of sheet towhich punching processing or staple processing has been performed. Thestaple mechanism 21 has an alignment device which aligns the sheetsconveyed thereto in the direction of width. This alignment device can beused to sort and discharge sheets . In the case where post-processing isnot carried out, the sheet conveyed from the body 11 is directlydischarged to the paper storage tray 27 or the fixed tray 28, withoutbeing processed in any way.

The staple mechanism 21 of the finisher 20 will now be brieflydescribed. A sheet supplied from the body 11 via the punching mechanism30 is received by entrance rollers 22 provided near a carry-in port ofthe finisher 20. Paper feed rollers 23 are provided downstream of theentrance rollers 22. The sheet received by the entrance rollers 22 isstacked on a processing tray 24 via the paper feed rollers 23.

The sheet stacked on the processing tray 24 is guided to a stapler 25and staple processing is performed. Also, a conveying belt 26 isprovided which carries the sorted or stapled sheet to the paper storagetray 27.

The sheet conveyed by the conveying belt 26 is discharged to the paperstorage tray 27. The paper storage tray 27 is moved up and down by adriving unit (not shown) and receives the sheet.

There is a case where a sheet is discharged to the paper storage tray 27without being stapled. In this case, the sheet is discharged withoutbeing dropped on the processing tray 24. The sheet which requires nopost-processing can also be discharged to the fixed tray 28. A conveyingpath to guide the sheet to the fixed tray 28 is provided, though notshown.

Next, the punching mechanism 30 will be described. The punchingmechanism 30 is arranged between the body 11 and the staple mechanism21, and has a punching unit 31 and a dust box 32.

The punching unit 31 is provided with a hole punching cutter (not shown)which conveyed out punching processing to a sheet. As this hole punchingcutter moves down, a punch hole is opened in the sheet . The part of thesheet that is punched out by punching processing falls into the dust box32.

In the route from the body 11 to the entrance rollers 22 of the staplemechanism 21, plural rollers 33 and 34 for conveying a sheet areprovided. The rollers 33 are provided in the body. The rollers 34 areprovided at the final exit of the punching mechanism 30. A sheetdischarged from the body 11 is conveyed to the punching mechanism 30 bythe rollers 33 and is then conveyed to the staple mechanism 21 by therollers 34.

The punching processing by the punching unit 31 is executed when thepunch mode has been set by the user's operation of the operation panel13.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the punching mechanism 30 of the sheetprocessing apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention willbe described in detail with reference to FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, the punchingmechanism 30 has the punching unit 31. The dust box 32 is not shown inFIG. 2. The punching unit 31 has the function of performing punchingprocessing to a sheet S and correcting a skew of the sheet S.

The punching unit 31 has a hole punching section 35 which punches apunch hole in the sheet S conveyed therein from the body 11, and a skewdetection unit 60 to detect a skew. The hole punching section 35 isprovided downstream of the skew detection unit 60.

The skew detection unit 60 and the hole punching section 35 are arrangedsubstantially parallel to each other and orthogonally to the sheetconveying direction Z. The hole punching section 35 is provided withplural (in FIG. 2, two) hole punching cutters 36.

The hole punching cutters 36 are driven to rise and fall by rotation ofa punch motor 58 (FIG. 3). As the hole punching cutters 36 move down inthe direction toward the sheet face of the sheet S, punch holes can bepunched in the sheet S. The driving mechanism to move the hole punchingcutters 36 up and down is not shown in the drawing, since it isgenerally known.

The hole punching section 35 is movable in the direction of the arrow A(lateral direction) orthogonal to the conveying direction Z of the sheetS. One end (lower end in FIG. 2) of the hole punching section 35 can beturned within a predetermined range in the direction of the arrow B(longitudinal direction) along the conveying direction of the sheet S.

A moving mechanism to move the hole punching section 35 in the lateraldirection (the direction of the arrow A) is shown in an enlarged view ofFIG. 3. A mechanism to turn the hole punching section 35 in thelongitudinal direction (the direction of the arrow B) and thus controlits attitude is shown in an enlarged view of FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, protruding flaps 37 and 38 are providedat both edges in the axial direction of the hole punching section 35.Elongated holes 39 and 40 are formed in the protruding flaps 37 and 38.A rack 41 is formed on the lateral side of one protruding flap 37. Afixed shaft 42 provided on the body side of the finisher 20 is fitted inthe elongated hole 39 in the protruding flap 37. Therefore, the holepunching section 35 is movable in the direction of the arrow A withinthe length of the elongated hole 39, with the fixed shaft 42 as itsguide.

In order to move the hole punching section 35 in the lateral direction(direction A), a gear group 43 is provided which meshes with the rack 41and thus rotates. To rotate this gear group 43, a lateral registrationmotor 44 is provided.

Moreover, a sensor 45 is arranged at a position at a predetermineddistance from the protruding flap 37. The sensor 45 is to detect thatthe hole punching section 35 has moved in the direction of the arrow Aand has reached its home position (hereinafter, it may also be calledHP). The protruding flap 37 is provided with a shutter 46 which isformed to extend in the direction to the sensor 45. As the shutter 46traverses the sensor 45, the sensor detects that the hole punchingsection 35 has moved to the home position in the direction A.

Meanwhile, a sectorial cam 47 to rotate the hole punching section 35 inthe direction of the arrow B is connected to the protruding flap 38 ofthe hole punching section 35. The cam 47 turns about a shaft 48 as afulcrum which is provided on the body side of the finisher 20. The cam47 has a lever 49 at its one end and has a gear 50 formed at its otherend. The lever 49 is provided with a shaft 51. This shaft 51 is fittedin the elongated hole 40 in the protruding flap 38.

Moreover, to rotate the hole punching section 35 in the longitudinaldirection (direction B), a gear group 52 is provided which meshes withthe gear 50 and thus rotates. A longitudinal registration motor 53 isprovided to rotate this gear group 52. As the longitudinal registrationmotor 53 rotates, the cam 47 rotates and thus the lever 49 turns. Thehole punching section 35 turns in the longitudinal direction (directionB) about the fixed shaft 42 as its fulcrum.

Also, a sensor 54 is arranged at a position at a predetermined distancefrom the cam 47. The sensor 54 is to detect that the hole punchingsection 35 has turned in the direction of the arrow B and has turned tothe home position, as shown in FIG. 4. A shutter 55 extending in thedirection to the sensor 54 is formed on the cam 47. As the shutter 55traverses the sensor 54, the sensor detects that the hole punchingsection 35 has turned to the home position.

In this way, the hole punching section 35 can be moved in the lateraldirection (direction A) by the rotation of the lateral registrationmotor 44 and can be turned in the longitudinal direction (direction B)by the longitudinal registration motor 53. The above-described movingmechanism in the lateral direction (direction A) and the rotationmechanism in the longitudinal direction (direction B) form a movingmechanism for the hole punching section 35.

The moving distance of the hole punching section 35 is managed by thenumber of pulses when driving the lateral registration motor 44.Similarly, the rotation control of the hole punching section 35, thatis, its angle, is managed by the number of pulses when driving thelongitudinal registration motor 53.

On the sheet S carry-in side of the hole punching section 35, a sensorgroup 56 to detect the edge in the lateral direction (lateral edge) ofthe sheet S is provided, and also a sensor 57 is provided which detectsthe edges in the longitudinal direction (forward edge and rear edge)when the sheet S is conveyed. The sensor 57 forms a first detectionunit. The sensor group 56 forms a second detection unit.

In the sensor group 56 and the sensor 57, for example, a light emittingdevice and a light receiving device are arranged to face each other, andwhen the sheet is conveyed and passes between the light emitting deviceand the light receiving device, the lateral edge, forward edge and rearedge of the sheet S are detected.

Meanwhile, sensors 61 and 62 for skew detection are provided in the skewdetection unit 60. Also in these sensors 61 and 62, for example, a lightemitting device and a light receiving device are arranged to face other,and when the sheet S is conveyed out and passes between the lightemitting device and the light receiving device, the skew of the sheet isdetected.

That is, the sensors 61 and 62 are arranged on the upstream side in thepunching unit 31 and detect the passage of the forward edge and the rearedge of the sheet S conveyed thereto. The sensor 61 and the sensor 62are provided in parallel orthogonally to the sheet conveying direction,at positions at a predetermined distance L1 from each other on the innerside than the minimum width dimension of the sheet S having the minimumsheet width that enables punching processing, as shown in FIG. 2.

Detection signals from the sensors 61 and 62 are sent to a control unit,which will be described later. The control unit is provided with timercounters. The timer counters start counting time when the sensors 61 and62 has detected the passage of the forward edge of the sheet S. Forexample, in the case where the sheet S is not tilted at all with respectto the conveying direction, the sensors 61 and 62 simultaneously detectthe passage of the forward edge of the sheet S. Therefore, the timercounters simultaneously start counting and no time difference occurs.

On the other hand, in the case where the sheet S is tilted because of askew as it is conveyed, since the first sensor 61 and the second sensor62 are fixed at a predetermined distance from each other, a timedifference occurs in the passage of the sheet S detected by the sensors61 and 62. Thus, it can be known that the sheet S is skewed.

In the case where the sheet S is inserted in a skewed state and, forexample, the sensor 61 first detects the sheet S and then the sensor 62detects the sheet S, a skew error distance (a) is calculated from thetime difference in the detection and the conveying speed V. If thedistance between the first sensor 61 and the second sensor 62 is L1 andthe skew angle is (θ), the following equation (1) holds.

a=L1×tan θ  (1)

As the skew angle θ is calculated from this equation (1), thelongitudinal registration motor 53 is driven at the number of pulsesenough to rotate the hole punching section 35 by the angle θ. Thus, thehole punching section is tilted and skew correction is carried out inaccordance with the quantity of skew of the sheet.

As the lateral registration motor 44 and the longitudinal registrationmotor 53, stepping motors are suitable in which the number of rotationscan be controlled by the number of pulses or frequency. The conveyingrollers 34 are driven at a predetermined number of rotations by aconveying motor 59 and carry the sheet S conveyed thereto from upstream(the entrance of the punching unit 31), to downstream (the exit of thepunching unit 31) at the conveying speed V.

Next, the control system to drive the punching unit 31 will be describedwith reference to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the controlsystem of the punching unit 31.

In FIG. 5, 70 refers to a control unit which controls the punching unit31. The control unit 70 includes a central processing unit (CPU), RAM,ROM and so on. A lateral edge detection sensor 71 including the sensorgroup 56, the sensors 57 which detects the forward edge and rear edge ofthe sheet S, a skew detection sensor 72 including the sensors 61 and 62,and home position sensors 45, 54 and 73 are connected to the controlunit 70. The results of detection from these sensors are inputted to thecontrol unit 70.

Also, the lateral registration motor 44, the longitudinal registrationmotor 53, the punch motor 58 and the conveying motor 59 for conveyingthe sheet are connected to the control unit 70. The control unit 70controls the rotation of each motor in response to the result ofdetection from the above various sensors.

The home position sensor 45 is to detect a home position when the holepunching section 35 has been moved in the lateral direction (directionA) by the lateral registration motor 44. The home position in thelateral direction is the center part of the conveying path for the sheetS.

The home position sensor 54 is to detect a home position when the holepunching section 35 has been turned in the longitudinal direction(direction B) by the longitudinal registration motor 53. The homeposition in the longitudinal direction is the position where the holepunching section 35 is tilted most.

The home position sensor 73 is to detect a home position when the holepunching cutters 36 have been moved up and down by the punch motor 58.The home position of the hole punching cutters 36 is the position in thestate where the hole punching cutters 36 have been pulled out of thesheet S, that is, the position away from the sheet face of the sheet S.

Moreover, a control unit 80 for controlling the body (MFP) 11 isconnected to the control unit 70. The various parts of the body 11, forexample, the operation panel 13, the printer unit 17, the ADF 12 and soon are connected to the control unit 80.

The control unit 70 and the control unit 80 operate in an interlockedmanner to designate punching processing, designate a sheet size, and soon in accordance with the operation on the operation panel 13. Inresponse to this, the punching unit 31 executes conveying of the sheetS, skew correction, punching processing and so on.

Next, the basic operation of the punching unit 31 of the invention willbe described with reference to FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D.

FIG. 6A shows the initial state of the punching unit 31. That is, whenthe control unit 70 has received an instruction of punching processingfrom the body 11, the control unit 70 drives the longitudinalregistration motor 53 and the hole punching section 35 turns in thedirection of the arrow B1 along the sheet S conveying direction and isset in a tilted state. This state is the home position in thelongitudinal direction. The control unit 70 also drives the lateralregistration motor 44 and the hole punching section 35 is moved in thedirection of the arrow A1 orthogonal to the sheet S conveying directionby the gear group 43 and is set at the retreat position.

After that, when the sheet S is conveyed in, the skew detection unit 60detects skew at the forward edge of the sheet S. As the quantity of skewis detected by the skew detection unit 60, the control unit 70 drivesthe longitudinal registration motor 53 and the hole punching section 35is turned and tilted in the direction of the arrow B2 in accordance withthe quantity of skew of the sheet S conveyed therein, as shown in FIG.6B.

The thin dotted line in FIG. 6B indicates the state where the sheet S isskewed and the hole punching section 35 is tilted in accordance with thequantity of skew. When the sheet S is not skewed, the hole punchingsection 35 has its attitude controlled at the angle orthogonal to thesheet S conveying direction, as indicated by the solid line. Therotation mechanism for the hole punching section 35 is controlled by thecontrol unit 70 and forms an attitude control unit for the hole punchingsection 35.

Next, when the forward edge of the sheet S is detected by the sensor 57and it is detected that the sheet has been conveyed by a prescribedquantity, the lateral registration motor 44 is driven and the holepunching section 35 is moved in the direction of the arrow A2 from theretreat position toward the center of the conveying path. In this stageof movement, the sensor group 56 detects the lateral edge of the sheet Salong the conveying direction.

In the detection of the lateral edge, a sensor of the sensor group 56 isdesignated in accordance with the sheet size designated through theoperation panel 13, and the lateral edge is detected by the designatedsensor. For example, the lateral edge of an A4 sheet is detected by anouter sensor 561. For a small sheet size, the lateral edge is detectedby an inner sensor 564. As the lateral edge is detected by a sensor ofthe sensor group 56, the lateral registration motor 44 stops and alsothe hole punching section 35 stops moving.

After that, when the sheet S is further conveyed, as shown in FIG. 6C,the skew detection unit 60 detects the quantity of skew at the rear edgeof the sheet S. At this point, if there is a difference between thequantity of skew at the forward edge and the quantity of skew at therear edge, the longitudinal registration motor 53 is driven to make fineadjustment of the tilt of the hole punching section 35 by the amount ofthe difference. In this case, if the lateral edge of the sheet S isshifted, the lateral registration motor 44 is driven to make fineadjustment of the position of the hole punching section 35 in thelateral direction as well.

Then, after the rear edge of the sheet S is detected by the sensor 57,the sheet S is conveyed by a predetermined quantity from that positionto a prescribed position where punching processing is to be carried out,as shown in FIG. 6D, and driving of the conveying motor 59 is stopped.The punch motor 58 is driven in this state to lower the hole punchingcutters 36, thus punching punch holes in the sheet S.

Driving of the punch motor 58 may be started in timing before theconveying motor 59 stops, in consideration of the time taken for thehole punching cutters 36 to be butted against the sheet. In this case,driving of the punch motor 58 may be started after the lapse of apredetermined period from when the rear edge of the sheet S is detectedby the sensor 57.

As the hole punching processing ends, the control unit 70 drives theconveying motor 59 again to discharge the punched sheet. If there is asubsequent sheet, the processing of FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D is repeated. Ifthere is no subsequent sheet, each device is set at the home position(HP) and the processing ends.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the above operations.

In FIG. 7, S0 is the step to start punching processing. In step S1, thelongitudinal registration motor 53 is driven and the hole punchingsection 35 is turned in the longitudinal direction and set at the homeposition. In step S2, the lateral registration motor 44 is driven andthe hole punching section 35 is moved in the direction of the arrow A1orthogonal to the sheet S conveying direction and is set at the retreatposition.

In step S3, the skew detection unit 60 detects the skew at the forwardedge of the sheet S conveyed therein. As the quantity of skew isdetected by the skew detection unit 60, the longitudinal registrationmotor 53 is driven and the hole punching section 35 is turned and tiltedin accordance with the quantity of skew of the sheet S conveyed therein,in step S4.

Next, when the forward edge of the sheet S is detected by the sensor 57,the lateral registration motor 44 is driven and the hole punchingsection 35 is moved from the retreat position toward the center of theconveying path. In step S5, the sensor group 56 detects the lateral edgeof the sheet S. As the lateral edge is detected, the lateralregistration motor 44 is stopped and also the hole punching section 35stops moving. After that, as the sheet S is conveyed further, the skewdetection unit 60 detects the quantity of skew at the rear edge of thesheet S, in step S6.

In step S71 of step S7, it is determined whether there is a differencebetween the quantity of skew at the forward edge and the quantity ofskew at the rear edge. If there is a difference, the longitudinalregistration motor 53 is driven to make fine adjustment of the tilt ofthe hole punching section 35 by the amount of the difference, in stepS72. In this case, if there is a shift of the lateral edge of the sheetS, the lateral registration motor 44 is driven to make fine adjustmentof the hole punching section 35 in the lateral direction as well.

After skew correction is done, the sheet S is conveyed by thepredetermined quantity to the prescribed position where punchingprocessing is to be carried out, and driving of the conveying motor 59is stopped. In step S8, the punch motor 58 is driven to lower the holepunching cutters 36, thus punching punch holes in the sheet S. As thehole punching processing ends, the conveying motor 59 is driven again todischarge the punched sheet . If there is a subsequent sheet, theprocessing of steps S1 to S8 is repeated. If there is not subsequentsheet, each device is set at the home position (HP) and punchingprocessing ends in step S9.

FIG. 8 is a timing chart for explaining the operations according to theflowchart of FIG. 7. FIG. 8 shows the operation timing of the conveyingmotor 59, the sensors 61 and 62 for skew detection, the forward edge andrear edge detection sensor 57, the longitudinal registration motor 53,the lateral registration motor 44 and the punch motor 58.

S1 to S8 shown in FIG. 8 correspond to steps S1 to S8 in the flowchartof FIG. 7. Various detections and processing are executed in order fromS1 to S8.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, the conveying motor 59, triggered by thedetection of the rear edge of the sheet S by the sensor 57, deceleratesat the point when a predetermined time period (t1) has passed. Theconveying motor 59 stops rotating after that. When the conveying motor59 has stopped, the punch motor 58 is driven to perform hole punchingprocessing. Therefore, as this time period t1 is accurately set, thepunching position on the sheet S is defined. For example, in the casewhere a stepping motor is used as the conveying motor 59, the number ofrotations of the conveying motor 59 during the time period t1, that is,the conveying distance for the sheet S, can be kept constant by settingof the number of pulses. Thus, the punching position can be set.

Meanwhile, the punching unit 31, which carries out the above-describedbasic operations, may be improved in the following manner.

Specifically, as the conveying speed of the sheet S becomes higherbecause of higher-speed operation of the image forming apparatus 10,also the conveying motor 59 needs to be rotated at a higher speed. Whenthe conveying motor 59 is to be stopped, the rotation speed isdecelerated to stop the conveying motor.

In the example of FIG. 8, deceleration is started at the point when thepredetermined time period (t1) has passed after the rear edge of thesheet S is detected by the sensor 57, and the conveying motor is thusstopped. Therefore, in the case where the conveying motor 59 is rotatingat a high speed, if there is only a short time from the detection of therear edge of the sheet S until the conveying motor 59 stops, brakingdoes not work and the sheet S overruns the prescribed range. Therefore,the sheet S exceeds the predetermined stop position and then stops. As aresult, the punching position is shifted.

If the time period (t1) from the detection of the rear edge of the sheetS until the conveying motor 59 stops is made longer, the sheet can bestopped at the accurate position even in the case where the conveyingmotor 59 is rotating at a high speed. However, in this case, thedistance between the sensor 57 for detecting the rear edge of the sheetand the hole punching section 35 needs to be expanded, and therefore theapparatus increases in size.

Meanwhile, a technique of starting deceleration of the conveying motor59 at the time when a predetermined time period has passed after theforward edge of the sheet S is detected, and then stopping the conveyingmotor 59, may be considered. However, in this case, the deceleration iscarried out while the rear edge skew of the sheet S is being detected.Therefore, it becomes impossible to detect the skew at the rear edge.That is, since skew detection is based on calculation from the timedifference between the detections by the sensor 61 and the sensor 62 andthe conveying speed of the sheet S, the quantity of skew cannot becorrectly calculated unless the speed is constant.

Thus, the punching mechanism 30 of the invention is characterized inthat the conveying motor 59 is driven according to the control shown inthe flowchart of FIG. 9.

In FIG. 9, step S10 is the step to start driving the conveying motor 59.Step S11 shows the state where the conveying motor 59 is driven at afirst speed. In this state, the sheet S from the body 11 is conveyed atthe first speed and the punching mechanism 30 receives the sheet Sdischarged from the body 11. While the sheet S is conveyed at theconstant speed, the skew detection unit 60 detects the forward edge skewin step S12.

After that, as the sensor 57 detects the forward edge of the sheet S instep S13, the processing shifts to step S14. In step S14, the conveyingmotor 59 is pulse-driven until a predetermined number of pulses arecounted after the time point when the forward edge is detected. Theconveying motor 59 is then rotated at the same speed. The number ofpulses counted in step S14 is prescribed by the sheet size of theconveyed sheet . For a longer sheet size, the prescribed number ofpulses is set at a greater value.

As the prescribed number of pulses are counted in step S14, theconveying motor 59 is decelerated to a second speed that is lower thanthe first speed, in step S15. The deceleration to the second speed iscompleted before the rear edge of the sheet S reaches the skew detectionunit 60. While the sheet S is being conveyed at the second speed, therear edge skew of the sheet S is detected in step S16.

After that, as the rear edge of the sheet S is detected by the sensor 57in step S17, the second-stage deceleration of the conveying motor 59 iscarried out to stop the sheet S at a predetermined position, in stepS18.

When the conveying motor 59 is stopped, the punch motor 58 is driven instep S19. Punching processing to the sheet S is carried out by the holepunching section 35 and punch holes are punched in the sheet S. When thehole punching processing has ended, the conveying motor 59 rotates againat the first speed to discharge the sheet S. If there is a subsequentsheet, the processing of steps S11 to S19 is repeated. If there is nosubsequent sheet, the sheet conveying processing ends in step S20.

In this case, the conveying speed of the sheet S at the time ofdetecting the forward edge skew is the first speed, and the conveyingspeed of the sheet S at the time of detecting the rear edge skew is thesecond speed. Therefore, the control unit 70 detects the quantity ofskew at the forward edge and the rear edge in consideration of thedifference in the conveying speed.

FIG. 10 is a timing chart for explaining the operations according to theflowchart of FIG. 9. FIG. 10 shows the operation timing of the conveyingmotor 59, the sensors 61 and 62 for skew detection, the forward edge andrear edge detection sensor 57, the longitudinal registration motor 53,the lateral registration motor 44 and the punch motor 58.

S11 to S19 in FIG. 10 correspond to steps S11 to S19 in the flowchart ofFIG. 9. Various detections and processing are executed in order from S11to S19.

As can be seen from FIG. 10, during the period from when the sensor 57detects the forward edge of a sheet until it detects the rear edge, thecontrol unit 70 performs control so that the sheet is conveyed withtemporary deceleration from the first speed to the second speed and theconveying of the sheet is stopped after the sensor 57 detects the rearedge of the sheet S. Punching processing is executed when the sheet isstopped.

Also, while the conveying motor 59 is conveying the sheet S at the firstspeed, the sensors 61 and 62 detect the forward edge skew. The conveyingmotor 59, triggered by the detection of the forward edge of the sheet Sby the sensor 57, starts deceleration at the point when a prescribednumber of pulses have been counted (after the lapse of a time periodt2), and thus decelerates to the second speed.

The timing of decelerating the conveying speed of the sheet S from thefirst speed to the second speed is set closely to (slightly before) thetiming of detecting the rear edge of the sheet by the sensor 57. Thus,as the period during which the sheet is conveyed at the first speed ismade long and the period during which the sheet is conveyed at thesecond speed is made short, the overall processing speed is made faster.

While the sheet S is conveyed at the second speed, the sensors 61 and 62detect the rear edge skew. After that, the conveying motor 59 stopsrotating. Then, when the conveying motor 59 is stopped, the punch motor58 is driven to perform hole punching processing.

Therefore, since the skew detection is carried out when the conveyingmotor 59 is rotating at a constant speed, the quantity of skew can beaccurately detected.

The conveying motor 59 temporarily decelerated to the second speed andthen shifts to the stop operation. Therefore, braking can besufficiently effective at the time of stop and the sheet S can bestopped at the accurate hole punching position. Thus, the position ofthe punch holes to be formed by the hole punching section 35 is notdeviated.

Moreover, since the distance between the forward edge and rear edgedetection sensor 57 and the hole punching section 35 need not beexpanded, the apparatus can be miniaturized. As the conveying motor 59rotates fast at the first speed most of the time, it can sufficientlydeal with the high-speed operation of the image forming apparatus 10.

In this way, according to the one embodiment of the invention, the sheetcan be stopped at the regular position and hole punching processing canbe accurately carried out without affecting skew detection and the likeand without increasing the size of the apparatus.

Meanwhile, in the basic operations of the punching unit 31 describedabove, the hole punching section 35 is moved in the direction of thearrow A1 by driving of the lateral registration motor 44 and is situatedat the retreat position before the sheet S is conveyed therein, as shownin FIG. 6A. Then, after the sheet S is conveyed to a predeterminedposition, the hole punching section 35 is moved in the direction of thearrow A2, which is the opposite direction, by driving of the lateralregistration motor 44 as shown in FIG. 6B. While the lateral edge of thesheet S is detected by the sensor group 56, the position of the holepunching section 35 is controlled.

However, when the image forming cycle in the image forming apparatus 10reaches a certain speed or more, punch holes are punched in the sheet Sthat has already been conveyed in, and the next sheet is conveyed inbefore the hole punching section 35 retreats. As the image forming cyclebecomes shorter, this phenomenon emerges more conspicuously.

In a certain case, a sheet is conveyed in the state of being shifted inthe direction of width from the center of the conveying path, for areason such that the user sets sheets at a wrong position in the sheetcassette 18 of the image forming apparatus 10. The shift of the sheetcan be several millimeters in the positive direction and in the negativedirection from the center.

Therefore, it is necessary to set the hole punching section 35 at theretreat position, considering the quantity of shift of the sheet to beconveyed therein. This causes the moving distance to the retreatposition to be longer.

Thus, it takes time for the hole punching section 35 to go through theprocess of reciprocating movement to the retreat position and from theretreat position to the position where the lateral edge of the sheet isto be detected. The time loss in this reciprocating movement causesobstacle to higher-speed operation of the image forming apparatus 10.

Even when plural retreat positions are provided according to differentsheet sizes, as in the example disclosed in JP-A-9-249348, the problemin the case where the conveyed sheet is shifted from the center cannotbe solved. If the configuration having separate driving sources for thehole punching section and the lateral edge detection unit is employed,as in JP-A-2006-16129, the cost increases significantly.

Thus, the second embodiment of the invention is characterized in thatthe time required for the reciprocating movement of the hole punchingsection 35 is reduced. The movement control of the hole punching section35 is carried out by the control unit 70.

FIG. 11A to FIG. 11D are views for explaining the operations of thepunching unit 31 according to the second embodiment of the invention.The operation of skew correction will not be described.

In the state shown in FIG. 11A, the hole punching section 35 is situatedat a center position in the sheet conveying path or at a position wherepunching processing is carried out to the preceding sheet, and a sheetis conveyed thereto. In this state, the lateral registration motor 44 isdriven next and the hole punching section 35 moves in the directiontoward the retreat position (the direction of the arrow A1). At thistime, the hole punching section 35 moves while the lateral edge of thesheet S is detected by the sensor group 56.

When the lateral edge of the sheet S is detected by the sensor 561halfway through the movement in the direction of the arrow A1, as shownin FIG. 11B, the hole punching section 35 stops moving at a positionwhich it has reached by retreating by a prescribed quantity (distanceL2) from the position where the lateral edge is detected, as shown inFIG. 11C. The stop position at this time is more on the forward sidethan the original retreat position (see FIG. 6A). The position which thehole punching section has reached by moving in the retreat direction bythe prescribed quantity (distance L2) is called standby position.

After that, the hole punching section 35 is moved again in the oppositedirection (the direction of the arrow A2), as shown in FIG. 11D. Thehole punching section 35 is moved up to a position where the detectionoutput of the sensor 561 changes, and is driven to the hole punchingposition for punch holes.

By such operations, the quantity of movement of the hole punchingsection 35 can be reduced and the time required for its reciprocatingmovement can be reduced.

In the case where the size of the conveyed sheet S is changed, a sensorfor lateral edge detection is selected form the sensor group 56accordingly. Therefore, in this case, in moving the hole punchingsection 35 in the retreat direction, the hole punching section 35 can bemoved by a prescribed quantity (L2) after the newly selected sensordetects the lateral edge of the sheet.

For example, if the sheet size is changed to a smaller size and thesensor 562 for lateral edge detection is selected, in moving the holepunching section 35 in the retreat direction, the hole punching section35 is moved by a prescribed quantity (L2) after the sensor 562 detectsthe lateral edge of the sheet S, and then the hole punching section 35waits at the standby position.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the above-described operation ofmovement control of the hole punching section 35.

In FIG. 12, in step S21, the hole punching section 35 is situated at thecenter position (HP) in the sheet conveying path or at a position wherethe previous punching processing is carried out. Step S22 is the step ofconfirming that the sheet S is conveyed in. As the sheet is conveyed in,the lateral registration motor 44 is driven to move the hole punchingsection 35 in the retreat direction, in the next step S23.

In this case, the hole punching section 35 is moved while the lateraledge is detected by the sensor group 56. As the lateral edge of thesheet S is detected in step S24, the hole punching section 35 is movedby a prescribed quantity (L2) after the time point of detecting thelateral edge, in step S25. Then, when it is detected in the next stepS26 that the hole punching section 35 is moved by the prescribedquantity, driving of the lateral registration motor 44 is stopped andmovement of the hole punching section 35 is stopped in step S27.

After that, in step S28, the lateral registration motor 44 is driven tomove the hole punching section 35 in the opposite direction (directionA2). The hole punching section 35 is moved again to the hole punchingposition in accordance with the result of detection by the sensor 56 andis then stopped. If there is a subsequent sheet, the processing of stepsS22 to S28 is repeated. If there is no subsequent sheet, the holepunching section is moved to the home position and the processing endsin step S29.

The original retreat position of the hole punching section 35 is theposition shown in FIG. 6A. However, the standby position in the case ofsequentially performing punching processing is closer to the sheetconveying path as shown in FIG. 11C and therefore the time required forthe reciprocating movement of the hole punching section 35 can bereduced.

On the assumption that a sheet is shifted as it is conveyed, the sheetcan be shifted by several millimeters in the positive direction and inthe negative direction from the center of the conveying path. Therefore,considering the quantity of shift, it is necessary to set the originalquantity of retreat at about 10 mm or more. On the other hand, theprescribed quantity of retreat L2 of the hole punching section 35 inFIG. 11C can be set at approximately 5 mm.

Thus, in the second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 11A toFIG. 11D, the quantity of reciprocating movement of the hole punchingsection 35 can be halved. Naturally, the time for punching processing,power consumption and the like can be reduced as well.

In the case where a stepping motor is used as the lateral registrationmotor 44, the number of rotations of the lateral registration motor 44,that is, the moving distance of the hole punching section 35, can becontrolled according to the setting of the number of pulses. Therefore,the number of pulses for movement of the hole punching section 35 can besignificantly reduced.

Next, a modification of the second embodiment of the invention will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B.

In this modification, movement control of the hole punching section 35is carried out, using the detection results of a sensor used fordetection of the sheet size and the other sensors, of the sensor group56. The movement control is carried out by the control unit 70.

For example, it is assumed that the interval between the sensors of thesensor group 56 is 3 mm each, as shown in FIG. 13A. It is also assumedthat the prescribed quantity of retreat L2 of the hole punching section35 is set at 5 mm.

FIG. 13A shows the state where a punched sheet S is about to bedischarged from the hole punching section 35. Then, it is assumed thatthe next sheet is conveyed in with a shift of approximately 3 mm forward(downward in FIG. 13B) compared with the previous sheet, as shown inFIG. 13B. It is also assumed that the sensor 561 of the sensor group 56is to detect the original sheet size.

When the sheet S is conveyed with a downward shift, as shown in FIG.13B, the lateral edge detection sensor 561 is not shielded by the sheetand has already detected light. In this state, the hole punching section35 moves in the direction of the arrow A2 in order to retreat to theretreat position. Therefore, the next sensor 562 which is arranged 3 mminner than the sensor 561 detects the lateral edge of the sheet S.

Thus, the hole punching section 35 is controlled to retreat by 2 mm fromthere at the time point when the sensor 562 detects the lateral edge.That is, in this case, since the sheet S is already shifted by 3 mm inthe opposite direction to the retreat direction of the hole punchingsection 35, the hole punching section 35 can retreat to the positionwhich is shifted by 5 mm relatively to the sheet S, simply by retreatingby 2 mm. Thus, the hole punching section 35 only needs to move 2 mm,instead of the original distance of 5 mm.

FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B show the case where the sheet S is shifted furtheras it is conveyed in.

FIG. 14A shows the state where the punched sheet S is about to bedischarged from the hole punching section 35. Then, it is assumed thatthe next sheet is conveyed in with a shift of approximately 5 mm forward(downward in FIG. 14B) compared with the previous sheet, as shown inFIG. 14B.

In the state of FIG. 14B, in addition to the lateral edge detectionsensor 561, the next sensor 562 and the sensor 563 have already detectedthe lateral edge of the sheet. That is, not only the lateral edgedetection sensor 561 but also the sensor 563 which is arranged 5 mm orfurther inner than the sensor 561 has already detected light.

Thus, the hole punching section 35 is controlled to keep its positionwithout moving in the retreat direction when the sensor 563 has detectedthe lateral edge. That is, in this case, since the sheet S is alreadyshifted by 5 mm in the opposite direction to the retreat direction ofthe hole punching section 35, the hole punching section 35 does not haveto retreat. Thus, the hole punching section 35 does not have to move,instead of moving by the prescribed distance of 5 mm.

In this way, in the above-described modifications, the program is set tocontrol the movement of the hole punching section 35, using thedetection results not only of the original lateral edge detection sensorbut also of the other sensors linked to the former sensor. Thus, inmoving the hole punching section 35 in the retreat direction, as thequantity of movement is controlled in accordance with the number ofsensors that have already detected light, of the sensor group 56, thequantity of reciprocating movement can be reduced further. Moreover, thetime for punching processing, power consumption and the like can bereduced as well.

In this way, according to the second embodiment of the invention, thequantity of movement of the hole punching section 35 in the lateraldirection at the time of punching processing can be reduced to realizehigh-speed processing. Also, even when a sheet is shifted in the lateraldirection as it is conveyed, punch holes can be formed at prescribedpositions.

Next, a sheet processing apparatus according to the third embodiment ofthe invention will be described. In the third embodiment, the techniqueof skew correction is improved, which will be described with referenceto FIG. 15, FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B.

Skew correction is carried out by rotation control of the hole punchingsection 35. As shown in FIG. 4, the longitudinal registration motor 53is rotated in accordance with the quantity of skew detected by the skewdetection unit 60, then the gear group 52 and the cam 47 are rotated,and the hole punching section 35 is turned by the rotation of the lever49. The longitudinal registration motor 53 is pulse-driven and iscontrolled to tilt the hole punching section 35 in the positivedirection and the negative direction from the center position.

As shown in FIG. 15, the hole punching section 35 at its home position(HP) is situated as indicated by the bold line. Meanwhile, at the timeof skew correction, the hole punching section 35 is turned and tiltedwithin the range indicated by the thin solid lines 35 a and 35 b, by therotation of the longitudinal registration motor 53. The quantity ofturning changes in accordance with the quantity of skew detected by theskew detection unit 60.

In the case of carrying out skew correction based on the detection ofthe forward edge skew, the longitudinal registration motor 53 can bedriven, for example, by 12 pulses in the positive direction and 12pulses in the negative direction from the center position (indicated bythe chain-dotted line y). That is, the longitudinal registration motor53 can be driven by 24 pulses at the maximum.

Meanwhile, as a skew correction range based on the detection of the rearedge skew, the longitudinal registration motor 53 can be driven, forexample, by six pulses in the positive direction and six pulses in thenegative direction in consideration of the processing time. That is, thelongitudinal registration motor 53 can be driven by 12 pulses at themaximum. Therefore, the cam 47 turns within a predetermined angularrange that is symmetrical about the position (y) where the hole punchingsection 35 is orthogonal to the conveying path. If the skew correctionrange at the forward edge is expressed by w1 and the skew correctionrange at the rear edge is expressed by w2, the following relation isset.

w1>w2≧w1/2

Meanwhile, in such driving setting, it may be impossible to deal with alarge quantity of skew correction. For example, a case will now bedescribed in which the quantity of skew detected at the forward edge ofthe sheet is equivalent to +10 pulses as indicated by the dotted line f1and the quantity of skew detected at the rear edge of the sheet isequivalent to +2 pulses as indicated by the dotted line b1, as shown inFIG. 16A. In this case, the longitudinal registration motor 53 isrotated by 10 pulses in the positive direction in accordance with theskew correction at the forward edge.

On the other hand, for skew correction at the rear edge, correction by±6 pulses is possible. However, since the longitudinal registrationmotor 53 is driven by 10 pulses in the positive direction by skewcorrection at the forward edge, the range in which the longitudinalregistration motor 53 can be driven at the time of rear edge skewdetection is two pulses, that is, from 10 pulses to 12 pulses in thepositive direction. In the negative direction, the longitudinalregistration motor 53 can only be driven by six pulses (up to theposition of +4 pulses) from 10 pulses. Therefore, the driving rangeaccording to the rear edge skew is a total of eight pulses and theoperation range is narrowed by four pulses. If the quantity of skew b1at the rear edge is equivalent to +2 pulses, correction is insufficient.

Thus, in the third embodiment of the invention, another measure is takenin the technique of skew correction. Specifically, the invention ischaracterized in that, in the case where the quantity of skew at theforward edge exceeds the skew correction range w2 (±6 pulses) at therear edge, skew correction at the forward edge is carried out by theamount equivalent to the skew correction range w2 (±6 pulses) at therear edge, and the insufficient correction is compensated for by skewcorrection at the rear edge.

For example, when the quantity of skew correction at the forward edge isequivalent to a prescribed number of pulses (for example, ±6 pulses) orless, the hole punching section 35 is turned in proportion to thequantity of skew at the forward edge. On the other hand, when thequantity of skew correction at the forward edge exceeds the prescribednumber of pulses (for example, ±6 pulses), the way of controlling theturning varies.

The operation in the case where the quantity of skew at the forward edgeis larger than the prescribed value will be described with reference toFIG. 16B. Specifically, the skew detection unit 60 carries out skewdetection and it is first determined whether the quantity of skewcorrection at the forward edge is the prescribed number of pulses ormore (in this example, six pulses or more).

Then, if the quantity of skew correction at the forward edge (indicatedby the dotted line f1) exceeds the prescribed number of pulses (forexample, if it is equivalent to +10 pulses), the longitudinalregistration motor 53 is driven by the prescribed number of pulses (sixpulses) in the positive direction. After that, skew correction at therear edge is carried out.

In the skew correction at the rear edge, correction is made by thedifference between the quantity of skew at the forward edge aftercorrection and the quantity of skew at the rear edge. For example, ifthe quantity of skew at the rear edge (indicated by the dotted line b1)is equivalent to +2 pulses, the longitudinal registration motor 53 issituated at the position of +6 pulses after the skew correction at theforward edge. Therefore, the longitudinal registration motor 53 isdriven in the negative direction by four pulses equivalent to thedifference. Thus, it is possible to correct the position to the regularposition of +2 pulses.

In the example shown in FIG. 16A, the longitudinal registration motor 53is driven to +10 pulses in the forward edge skew correction and can onlybe driven by six pulses in the negative direction in the rear edge skewcorrection. Therefore, the longitudinal registration motor 53 must bestopped at the position of +4 pulses. On the other hand, with thecontrol shown in FIG. 16B, the hole punching section can be corrected tothe regular position of +2 pulses.

Also, in the example of FIG. 16B, since the position is corrected fromthe center y to the position of +6 pulses by the skew correction at theforward edge, in consideration of this position as a reference,correction by six pulses to the +12 pulses in the positive direction canbe made in the skew correction at the rear edge. In the negativedirection, correction by six pulses to the center position can be made.That is, driving by a total of 12 pulses is possible. Therefore, skewcorrection can be effectively made within the skew correction range atthe rear edge.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart for explaining the above-described operation ofskew correction.

In FIG. 17, step S30 is the step of starting skew correction. In stepS31, the skew detection unit 60 detects the quantity of skew at theforward edge of the sheet S. In the next step S32, it is determinedwhether the quantity of skew correction at the forward edge is sixpulses (a prescribed number of pulses) or more from the center.

For example, if the quantity of skew correction is 10 pulses, theprocessing shifts to step S331. To correct the forward edge skew, thelongitudinal registration motor 53 is driven by six pulses and the holepunching section 35 is thus turned. After that, in step S341, thequantity of skew at the rear edge of the sheet S is detected.

If the result of skew detection at the rear edge shows, for example, theposition of +2 pulses, the longitudinal registration motor 53 is drivenby four pulses in the negative direction corresponding to the differencefrom the current position in consideration of the quantity of skew atthe rear edge, in step S351. Thus, the hole punching section 35 can beturned to the regular position of +2 pulses.

Meanwhile, if the quantity of skew correction is less than six pulses instep S32, the processing shifts to step S332. To carry out skewcorrection at the forward edge, the longitudinal registration motor 53is driven by the number of pulses equivalent to the quantity of skew andthe hole punching section 35 is thus turned and tilted.

After that, in step S342, the quantity of skew at the rear edge of thesheet S is detected. If the result of skew detection at the rear edgeshows, for example, the position of +2 pulses, the longitudinalregistration motor 53 is rotated by +2 pulses, which are equivalent tothe quantity of skew at the rear edge, in step S352. Thus, the holepunching section 35 can be turned to the regular position of +2 pulses.Step S36 is the step of ending skew correction.

In this way, in the third embodiment of the invention, since the holepunching section 35 can be rotationally controlled within the prescribedrange in the positive direction and in the negative direction at thetime of skew correction at the rear edge, the driving range according tothe rear edge skew correction is not narrowed. Therefore, skewcorrection can be accurately made. Moreover, the time for skewcorrection can be reduced.

FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B are graphs for explaining a modification of theskew correction in the third embodiment of the invention.

In this modification, the quantity of skew detected at the forward edgeof the sheet and the quantity of skew detected at the rear edge of thesheet are measured for each sheet size, at each sheet conveying speed,and so on. Then, statistics of the difference in the quantity of skewbetween the forward edge and the rear edge are taken and the techniqueof skew correction is automatically or manually switched.

For example, in the case where the quantity of skew at the rear edgetends to be two pulses or more in the positive direction with respect tothe quantity of skew at the forward edge, as shown in FIG. 18A, the holepunching section 35 is controlled to be tilted at an angle corrected by+2 pulses from the position of forward edge skew correction. Thus, atthe time of skew correction at the rear edge, the tilt of the holepunching section 35 has already been corrected by the amount equivalentto the difference calculated in the statistics and therefore the drivingtime required for skew correction at the rear edge can be reduced.

That is, in the characteristics shown in FIG. 18A, the skew-correctablerange is from +6 pulses to −6 pulses, whereas the different between theactual quantities of skew is shifted in the positive direction andcauses imbalance. Therefore, skew correction at the rear edge takestime.

On the other hand, in the case where correction by 2 pulses is made inadvance, the skew-correctable range is from +8 pulses to −4 pulses withthe point of +2 located at its center, as shown in FIG. 18B, andwell-balanced correction can be made with respect to the center point of+2. Thus, the time for skew correction at the rear edge can be reduced.

According to such a modification, even when the quantity of skew differslargely between the forward edge and the rear edge of the sheet, thehole punching section 35 can be effectively turned within the allowablerange by skew correction at the rear edge, and accurate skew correctioncan be made. Also, the time for skew correction can be reduced.

In the above-described example, the state of the sheet is detected byvarious sensors. For example, plural sensors are used to detect thestate of skew of the sheet S, the position of the edge in the directionof width (lateral edge), the positions of the forward and rear edges andso on.

However, if a greater number of sensors are used, the space forattacking these sensors is required and the punching unit itself becomeslarger. Moreover, if the number of sensors increases, the possibility ofdetection errors increases accordingly and power consumption increasesas well.

Thus, in the fourth embodiment of the invention, an improvement is madeso that the forward and rear edges of the sheet S are detected by usingthe sensors 61 and 62 of the skew detection unit 60, and the forwardedge and rear edge detection sensor 57 of FIG. 2 is omitted.

Hereinafter, a sheet processing apparatus according to the fourthembodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIG. 19.

In FIG. 19, a punching mechanism 30 has a punching unit 31. The punchingunit 31 has the function of performing punching processing to the sheetS and correcting skew of the sheet S. The punching unit 31 has a holepunching section 35 which punches punch holes in the sheet S conveyedtherein from the image forming apparatus 10, and a skew detection unit60 for detecting skew.

The configuration of the hole punching section 35 is the same as theconfiguration shown in FIG. 2 and therefore will not be describedfurther in detail. To control movement of the hole punching section 35in the direction (the direction of the arrow A) orthogonal to theconveying direction of the sheet S, a gear group 43 which rotates bymeshing with a rack 41, and a lateral registration motor 44 for rotatingthis gear group 43 are provided.

Moreover, to turn the hole punching section 35 in the longitudinaldirection (direction B), a cam 47, a gear group 52, and a longitudinalregistration motor 53 for rotating the gear group 52 are provided.

On the side of the hole punching section 35 where the sheet S isconveyed in, a sensor group 56 for detecting the edge in the lateraldirection (lateral edge) of the sheet S is provided. Meanwhile, sensors61 and 62 which detect skew and also detect the forward and rear edgesof the sheet S are provided in the skew detection unit 60. In thesesensors 61 and 62, for example, a light emitting device and a lightreceiving device are arranged to face each other, and when the sheet Sis conveyed and travels between the light emitting device and the lightreceiving device, these sensors detect the passage of the sheet.

The sensor 61 and the sensor 62 are situated on the inner side than theminimum width dimension of the sheet S, as shown in FIG. 19. Thesesensors are symmetrically provided at positions that are away from eachother by a predetermined distance L1 and at an equal distance from thecenter of the sheet conveying path.

Detection signals from the sensors 61 and 62 are sent to a control unit70 shown in FIG. 21, which will be described later. If there is a timedifference when the sensors 61 and 62 have detected the passage of thesheet S, the control unit 70 detects the quantity of skew of the sheet Son the basis of the time difference. The control unit 70 also has thefunction of calculating position information of the forward edge and therear edge of the sheet S in accordance with the result of detection bythe sensors 61 and 62.

That is, the sensors 61 and 62 form a first detection unit, which isused for skew detection and detection of the forward and rear edges ofthe sheet S. Therefore, the forward edge and rear edge sensor 57 shownin FIG. 2 is not provided. The sensor group 56 forms a second detectionunit which detects the edge in the lateral direction (lateral edge) ofthe sheet S.

Next, the operation of the punching unit 31 of FIG. 19 will be describedwith reference to FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B.

It is assumed that the skewed sheet S is conveyed in, as shown in FIG.20A. This example shows the state where the sheet is skewed at such anangle that the sensor 62 detects the sheets before the sensor 61. FIG.20B is an enlarged view of the part including the sensors 61 and 62 forexplanation of the operation.

In the case of FIG. 20B, the skew detection sensor 62 first detects theforward edge of the sheet S (indicated by the dotted line) that isconveyed in, and the other skew detection sensor 61 detects the forwardedge of the sheet S (indicated by the solid line) shortly after. Thetime difference in this case is expressed by X. The quantity of skew isdetected from this time difference X.

If the intermediate point between the sensors 61 and 62 is P, the timeafter the lapse of X/2 hours from the detection of the forward edge ofthe sheet by the skew detection sensor 62 is the timing when the centerof the forward edge of the sheet S passes the intermediate point P.

Thus, if the distance between the skew detection unit 60 and the holepunching section 35 (lateral edge detection sensor group 56) isexpressed by L3 and the conveying speed of the sheet S is expressed byV, the time after the lapse of a period expressed by (L3/V+X/2) from thetiming when the skew detection sensor 62 detects the forward edge of thesheet is the timing when the center of the forward edge of the sheet Sis conveyed into the hole punching section 35. This timing is equivalentto the timing of detecting the forward edge of the sheet by the forwardand rear edge detection sensor 57 of FIG. 10. That is, the time requiredfor the sheet S to reach the hole punching section 35 from the skewdetection unit 60 is calculated as (L3/V+X/2).

The rear edge of the sheet S is similarly detected. That is, the timeafter the lapse of a period expressed by (L3/V+X/2) from the detectionof the passage of the rear edge of the sheet by the skew detectionsensor 62 is the timing when the center of the rear edge of the sheet Spasses the hole punching section 35.

This timing is equivalent to the timing of detecting the rear edge ofthe sheet by the forward and rear edge detection sensor 57 of FIG. 10.In this manner, position information of the sheet with respect to thehole punching section 35 is calculated. Therefore, if the conveyingmotor 59 is stopped as it is triggered by the timing of detecting therear edge of the sheet S. punching processing can be executed at thatstop position.

Thus, as the control unit 70 having the arithmetic operation function isemployed, the skew detection sensors 61 and 62 can also be used as thesheet forward and rear edge detection sensor and the number ofcomponents can be reduced.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing the control system of the sheetprocessing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of theinvention. In FIG. 21, the result of detection from a detection unit 74including the sensors 61 and 62 is supplied to the control unit 70. Thecontrol unit 70 carries out skew detection and calculates positioninformation in the conveying direction of the sheet S. Therefore, thecontrol unit 70 has the functions of askew detection unit and a positioninformation calculating unit.

The control unit 70 also controls the longitudinal registration motor 53in accordance with the result of skew detection, controls the tilt angleof the hole punching section 35 to perform skew correction, and controlsmovement of the hole punching section 35 in accordance with the resultof lateral edge detection by the sensor group 56. The control unit 70also controls operations such as deceleration and stop of the conveyingmotor 59 in accordance with the result of calculation of the forwardedge and the rear edge of the sheet S. Moreover, the control unit 70controls the punch motor 58 of the hole punching section 35 inaccordance with the position information of the sheet S and thuscontrols the operation of punching processing.

In this way, according to the above embodiment of the invention,reduction in the number of sensors, saving of space, reduction in cost,and saving of power can be realized.

Although the punching mechanism 30 and the body 11 are configured asseparate units in the above description, the punching mechanism 30 maybe formed within the body 11. Also, though the punching mechanism 30forms punch holes in a sheet outputted from the body 11 in the aboveexamples, sheets may be sequentially conveyed into the punchingmechanism 30 by using an inserter and punch holes may be formed in thesheets conveyed from the inserter.

Various modifications can be made without departing from the scope ofthe attached claims.

Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shownand described, it will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in theart that a number of changes, modifications, or alterations to theinvention as described herein may be made, none of which depart from thespirit of the present invention. All such changes, modifications, andalterations should therefore be seen as within the scope of the presentinvention.

1. A sheet processing apparatus comprising: a puncher disposed to make ahole in a sheet to be conveyed; a moving mechanism configured to movethe puncher in an orthogonal direction to a conveyance path of thesheet; a sensor to detect a forward edge and a rear edge of the sheetconveyed into the puncher; and a controller configured to control theconveyance of the sheet and an operation of the puncher, the controllerdecelerates the sheet from a first conveying speed to a second conveyingspeed after the sensor detects the forward edge of the sheet, and stopsthe conveying of the sheet after the sensor detects the rear edge of thesheet, and executes a punching to the sheet.
 2. The sheet processingapparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a first detector todetect a skew of the conveyed sheet; and a skew correction unitconfigured to carry out skew correction of the conveyed sheet; whereinthe first detector detects an amount of skew at the forward edge of thesheet when the sheet is being conveyed at the first conveying speed, anddetects an amount of skew at the rear edge of the sheet when the sheetis being conveyed at the second conveying speed.
 3. The sheet processingapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller changes timing ofdecelerating the conveying speed of the sheet from the first conveyingspeed to the second conveying speed in accordance with a size of theconveyed sheet.
 4. The sheet processing apparatus according to claim 3,wherein the controller sets the timing of decelerating the conveyingspeed of the sheet from the first conveying speed to the secondconveying speed closely to timing when the sensor detects the rear edgeof the sheet.
 5. The sheet processing apparatus according to claim 3,wherein a pulse-driven stepping motor is used for conveying the sheet,and the controller controls a period from when the sensor detects theforward edge of the sheet until the conveying speed is decelerated tothe second conveying speed, by a number of pulses set for each size ofthe sheet.
 6. The sheet processing apparatus according to claim 1, thesensor being arranged at a central part of the sheet conveying path. 7.The sheet processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:a second detector to detect an edge in a direction of width of the sheetconveyed to the puncher; wherein the controller controls the movingmechanism in accordance with the result of detection of the seconddetector, and moves the puncher in the orthogonal direction to theconveyance path align with the result of detection by the seconddetector.
 8. A sheet processing method comprising: arranging a puncherorthogonally to a conveying path of a sheet; conveying the sheet alongthe conveying path; moving the puncher in the orthogonal direction tothe conveyance path of the sheet and positioning the puncher; detectinga forward edge and a rear edge of the sheet conveyed into the puncher,by a sensor; decelerating the sheet from a first conveying speed to asecond conveying speed after the sensor detects the forward edge of thesheet; stopping the conveying of the sheet after the sensor detects therear edge of the sheet; and executing a punching to the sheet by thepuncher when the sheet is stopped.
 9. The sheet processing methodaccording to claim 8, further comprising: providing a first detector todetect a skew of the conveyed sheet and a skew correction unitconfigured to carry out skew correction of the conveyed sheet; whereinan amount of skew at the forward edge of the sheet is detected when thesheet is being conveyed at the first conveying speed, and an amount ofskew at the rear edge of the sheet is detected when the sheet is beingconveyed at the second conveying speed.
 10. The sheet processing methodaccording to claim 8, wherein timing of decelerating the conveying speedof the sheet from the first conveying speed to the second conveyingspeed is changed in accordance with a size of the conveyed sheet. 11.The sheet processing method according to claim 10, wherein the timing ofdecelerating the conveying speed of the sheet from the first conveyingspeed to the second conveying speed is set closely to tithing when thesensor detects the rear edge of the sheet.
 12. The sheet processingmethod according to claim 10, further comprising: using a pulse-drivenstepping motor for conveying the sheet along the conveying path; whereina period from when the sensor detects the forward edge of the sheetuntil the conveying speed is decelerated to the second conveying speedis controlled by a number of pulses set for each size of the sheet. 13.The sheet processing method according to claim 8, detecting an edge in adirection of width of the sheet conveyed to the puncher by a seconddetector, and moving the puncher in the orthogonal direction to theconveyance path align with the position in the direction of width of theconveyed sheet in accordance with the result of detection by the seconddetector.
 14. An image forming apparatus comprising: an image formingunit including a printer configured to form an image on a sheet; aconveying section conveying the sheet outputted from the image formingunit, along a conveying path; a puncher disposed to make a hole in asheet conveyed by the conveying section; a moving mechanism configuredto move the puncher in an orthogonal direction to a conveyance path ofthe sheet; a sensor to detect a forward edge and a rear edge of thesheet conveyed into the puncher; and a controller configured to controlthe conveyance of the sheet and an operation of the puncher, thecontroller decelerates the sheet from a first conveying speed to asecond conveying speed after the sensor detects the forward edge of thesheet, and stops the conveying of the sheet after the sensor detects therear edge of the sheet, and executes a punching to the sheet.
 15. Theimage forming apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising: afirst detector to detect a skew of the conveyed sheet; and a skewcorrection unit configured to carry out skew correction of the conveyedsheet; wherein the first detector detects an amount of skew at theforward edge of the sheet when the sheet is being conveyed at the firstconveying speed, and detects an amount of skew at the rear edge of thesheet when the sheet is being conveyed at the second conveying speed.16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein thecontroller changes timing of decelerating the conveying speed of thesheet from the first conveying speed to the second conveying speed inaccordance with a sheet size designated on an operation panel.
 17. Theimage forming apparatus according to claim 14, the conveying sectionincluding a pulse-driven stepping motor for conveying the sheet alongthe conveying path; wherein the controller controls a period from whenthe sensor detects the forward edge of the sheet until the conveyingspeed is decelerated to the second conveying speed, by a number ofpulses set for each size of the sheet.